Category: News

The prestigious project of processing and landfill of 3000 tons per day of solid waste with the combination of various technologies such as bioreactor landfill [Anaerobic digestion] waste to compost, methane gas to power, RDF, Sanitary Landfill etc. The project will be one of the biggest engineered Bioreactor landfill projects in the country.

Objectives –

To control odor from solid waste and speed up bio-degradation of organic matter in the composting process by using MiCroBial Technologies product. This technology is treating about 200-500 tons of segregated organic waste material in composting process which is based on windrow composting technology. This organic material composed of kitchen wastes (food & market waste), oil, fats, grease, protein, carbohydrates, cellulose, other organic and inorganic substances coming from different areas of city  due to incomplete bio-degradation of these substances mentioned above, its producing strong odor. Thus, it was necessary to develop fast organic matter degrading microbial culture/colonies during the process of composting with reduction in strong/bad odour.

MiCroBial Technologies Solutions –

MiCroBial Odor is a natural bio-catalyst made via novel fermentative process that has been refined by microbiologist in India. MiCroBial Odor consists of selected consortium of bacteria and enzymes that degrade organic matter as carbs, proteins and fats. These microbes produces different types of enzymes as amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase etc. MiCroBial Odor works in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions as it contents aerobic and facultative microbes in waste water treatment.

Dosing Program

• Recommended Product                MiCroBial Odor
• Volume of solid waste                   490 tons of solid waste ( Single composting windrow)
• Product quantity required           2 kg for 500 tons of solid waste
• Fresh water required                    200 – 250 liters of fresh water
• Application point                          Batch no 178 as MiCroBial Odor & 177 as Control Batch
• Mode of application                     Application thru tractor mounted jet spray

Implementation Protocol for the Application –

• 2 kg of MiCroBial Odor was mixed with 200-250 liters of fresh water.
•  Solutions was mixed well with the sprayer & allowed it to stand for 15 mins for activation of microbes, after that, solution was sprayed/sprinkled evenly on the solid waste windrows in such a way that MiCroBial microbes/enzymes should come into contact with organic substrate (Solid Waste).
•  With the application of 200-250 liters of mixture of MiCroBial Odor, moisture of compost should not be disturbed.
• Turning of composting windrow was done after 4th & 3rd days of cycle with regular interval till 28 days.
• All optimum condition was provided during application of MiCroBial Odor and normal procedure of composting process was done as per the composting technology. 6.
• Batch no 178 was taken for the “MiCroBial Odor” trial and  batch no 177 was considered as “Control Batch” where no culture was used.

Observation During Trial –

• Significant Odor was controlled after application of MiCroBial odor observed on second day.
• Significant odor control was observed during 1 turning of 4 day after application of MiCroBial odor & no odor was
  observed on 2 turning of 7 day.
• Consortium of bacteria, Fungi, Actinomycets and Mould were found after 2 days of application.
• MiCroBial bacteria have increased bio-degradation of organic matter.

Application of MiCroBial Odor on Windrow –

                                                                                                                MiCroBial Odor Spraying

                                                                                                     MiCroBial Growth of Solid Waste

Significant odor elimination ( No bad odor except humic smell) was observed on 2nd day of application which was absent on 7th day of application.

• Development of growth of fungi/mold/yeast and actinomycetes were seen after 2nd day of application. Further enhanced degradation of organic matter was seen during trial.( photo attached).
• MiCroBial Odor bacteria & enzymes has degraded complex molecules and convert into simple forms which can be easily taken up by other microbes like fungi, molds & yeast and enhanced their growth, increase in fungi growth is good for bio-degradation of fresh organic matter. So it can be concluded that MiCroBial Odor bacteria has enhanced other supportive microbes growth for bio degradation of organic matter.
• Sufficient growth of microbes were observed for better degradation of organic matter.
• Consortium of Yeast/molds & Actinomycetes Layer of MiCroBial growth observed.
• Conclusion – As per the results it can be concluded that MiCroBial Odor is helpful to control odor from solid waste and enhance degradation of organic matter in compost and solid waste.

Conclusion – As per the results it can be concluded that MiCroBial Odor is helpful to control odor from solid waste and enhance degradation of organic matter in compost and solid waste.

Contact
Satish Bhandare – Microbiologist
MiCroBial Technologies
Tel – +91 8888885375
Email – satish@microbialtech.com

Automation of STP/ETP/WWTP –                                                                                                                                                                  Automation of WWTP plant is advanced technology used for the automation of process or system. It’s defined as use of scientific technology to automate the operations of process or system to minimize the human error.  Automation for sewage treatment plant plays an important role and it leads to efficiency of plant system as well as reduce the requirement of manpower. Automation of WWTP process helps in enhancing performance and efficiency of wastewater treatment plant.

Benefits of Automation of WWTP –

• Reduce operational cost
• Reduce electricity cost
• Reduce maintenance cost
• Increase performance and efficiency of process
• Avoid human error and enhance accuracy of the process
• Increase optimization of the plant

Different instruments or equipment’s are used in automation of plants along with different sensors, following are the instrument’s used for automation purpose,

• TSS sensor
• PH sensor
• DO sensor
• Dosing pump

TSS sensor – Total suspended solids (TSS) are a measurement of the total solids in a water or wastewater sample that are retained by filtration.

Why is it important?                                                                                                                                                                                                TSS is an important water quality parameter measure for wastewater treatment operations and environmental health. Wastewater contains large quantities of suspended organic and inorganic material that must be removed through screening, filtration or settling/flotation methods prior to environmental discharge. TSS will also have adverse effects on UV disinfection blocking/scattering UV light bound for pathogen disinfection or alternatively requiring higher intensity for proper disinfection, increasing energy costs. If TSS is not removed properly through treatment, high concentrations can lower the water quality in the receiving environment. The suspended solids absorb light, causing increased water temperature and decreased oxygen which create an unfavorable environment for aquatic life. It is also advantageous to monitor TSS in conjunction with bod and cod as part of the bod/cod is in the TSS form.

 

Dissolved Oxygen Sensor                                                                                                                                                                                      This is a dissolved oxygen sensor kit, which is compatible with micro controllers. This product is used to measure the dissolved oxygen in water, to reflect the water quality. It is widely applied in many water quality applications, such as aquaculture, environment monitoring, and natural science and so on.

This product is used to measure the dissolved oxygen in water, to reflect the water quality. This sensor kit helps you quickly to build your own dissolved oxygen detector.

The probe is a galvanic probe, no need of polarization time, and stays available at any time. The filling solution and membrane cap is replaceable, leading to the low maintenance cost. The signal converter board is plug and play, and has the good compatibility. It can be easily integrated to any control or detecting system.

 

PH Sensor

It’s used for monitoring and maintaining the PH of system.

 

 

 

Process Description for PH Neutralization System                                                                                                                  Neutralization of process water is a critical step in most industrial wastewater treatment processes. There are a multitude of regulatory requirements both Federal and State regarding wastewater discharge requirements. Users should consult their local agencies for specific requirements as they can vary by region. Any company that discharges effluent into sewer systems, lakes, streams are required to neutralize this effluent before allowing it to be discharged. Non-compliance could result in fines and other consequences. In many instances, recording the pH of the discharge is also required.

Components of a pH Adjustment / Neutralization System                                                                                                                           A basic pH adjustment / neutralization system consists of six basic components:

1. Instrumentation for monitoring, controlling, and recording
2. pH electrodes and/or ORP sensors and associated mounting hardware
3. Effluent holding tank
4. Level control
5. Chemical pumps and reagent storage tanks
6. Mixers/agitators

In this system, effluent flows into the holding tank where a pH sensor (also known as pH electrode or pH probe) senses the pH of the solution. The sensor provides input to the pH controller device which operates chemical pump(s) to inject acid or caustic as required to neutralize the effluent. The mixer serves to evenly distribute the neutralizing chemicals throughout the holding tank to ensure complete neutralization.

Applications of Dosing pump for water treatment plant                                                                                                                     Dosing pumps are used widely across many industries. It is also an essential automation component in several industries that handle large quantities of fluids, including water treatment, agriculture, pharmaceutical, food processing, and mining. In waste water treatment, dosing pumps are used for injecting a product such as chlorine into a water or fluid stream to cause a chemical reaction. This reaction either maintains pH to a desired range or kills pathogens.

In effluent treatment, dosing pumps carry flocculants to separate solids from liquids. Other applications of dosing pumps include preparation of highly consistent glue or additives for paper & pulp industry and corrosion treatment in high-pressure and high-temperature boilers and smelter feeds.

A dosing pump is a positive displacement pump designed to transport very precise flow rates of a chemical or other substance into a fluid stream. The mechanism of this industrial pump involves drawing a measured quantity of fluid into the chamber and then injecting this volume rate into the container being dosed. As a function, a dosing pump is designed to be reliable so once it is properly set up; it should look after itself and not require large amounts of input. Dosing pumps are used for automating fluid flow in many applications including pharmaceutical water treatment plants

 

We, MiCroBial Technologies provide automation system for Sewage Treatment Plant, Effluent Treatment Plant, Wastewater Treatment Plant. For more details you can contact us at support@microbialtech.com

Shilpa Medicare ETP Case Study
Background
Shilpa Medicare is one of the reputed pharmaceutical company. This is world class manufacturing facility is 100 export oriented API unit and spread over 22 acres. Shilpa Medicare Limited started its operations as API manufacturer way back in 1987 at Raichure, Karnataka – India. The commercial production in the Shilpa Medicare was started in November 1989.
Today Shilpa Medicare is a global brand in manufacturing and supplying of affordable API and formulation globally in different
regulated markets. Shilpa Medicare having two streams as HTDS and LTDS ETPs generating about 80 – 85 kl per day. Two different effluent wastreated separately.

Objectives –                                                                                                                                                                                                            Objectives of this project was to demostrate the effectiveness of MiCroBial Aqua & MiCroBial Odor by developing biomass
and sustain that biomass to improve wastewater quality and to provide plant stability along with odor control from ETP. Second object of this program was to degrade the dead sludge present in anaerobic digester and provide plant stability.                         

MiCroBial Technologies Solutions                                                                                                                                                                    MiCroBial Aqua is a natural biocatalyst made via novel fermentative process that has been refined by microbiologist in India. MiCroBial Aqua consists of selected consortium of bacteria and enzymes that degrade organic matter as carbs, proteins and fats. These microbes produces different types of enzymes as amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase etc.MiCroBial Aqua works in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions as it contents aerobic and facultative microbes in waste water treatment.

Dosing Program
Recommended Product                       MiCroBial Aqua & MiCroBial Odor
Volume of wastewater                         80,000 liters/day
Product quantity required                  1 kg/day
Fresh water required                           100 liters/day
Dosing point                                          Inlet of Anaerobic digester
Mode of application                            Application thru dosing tank of 100 liters capacity tank

Unit Description
ETP has different units like Collection tank, Anaerobic digester, Soar reactor, Secondary clarifier, Aeration tank 1st/2nd wtih
with daily flow rate of 80,000 liters of wastewater.

Existing Problems Before MiCroBial Technologies Treatment –
Anaerobic digester was completely inactive & dead and having solid organic sludge which was not able to remove from the tank.
Anaerobic digester was not playing any active role in the treatment and reduction of different parameters. The digester
outlet piping and internal system was blocked due to the dead organic sludge which was very hard to remove from the tank.
Dead sludge present in digester was producing odor in nearby environment. Odor nuisance was the primary concern for
the management. Our main objective were to digest the solid dead sludge from tank and activate anaerobic process.
Dead Sludge Before Treatment.

 

Dead Sludge before Treatment of MiCroBial Technologies – 500 KLD

Installation of Dosing System & Aeration System
For dosing of MiCroBial technologies product into the system, dosing system was installed at the base of anaerobic digester
where feeding of effluent to digester was done to facilitate microbes addition. Dosing system contains two tanks of 100 L
capacity along with dosing pump and piping with flow rate of 4.1 liters per hr.

Dosing System for MiCroBial Aqua
Compressed air was provided to digester to facilitate mixing of microbes with effluent and to loosen up the dead organic sludge
Once solid organic sludge digested with MiCroBial Aqua, compressed air was discontinued.

Implementation Protocol
Once dosing system and compress air system was installed at the inlet point of anaerobic digester, effluent from FRP tank was
added at flow rate of 3 kl per hr to fill up the anaerobic digester. PH of effluent was adjusted to its optimum along with addition
of compressed air. required quantity of MiCroBial Aqua culture was added to dosing tank with 100 L fresh water. Nutrient like
DAP, Urea and jaggary was added into second dosing tank which was dosed to digester along with culture. Activation of anaerobic digester was done in two parts.
1) Digestion of dead organic sludge
2) Development of sludge blanket and biomass
After addition of MiCroBial Aqua and nutrients into respective dosing tank, it was stirred and mixed for 30 min to get it dissolved. After 30 min, activated solution was dosed to anaerobic digester. During dosing care was taken that microbes were mixed properly with the effluent during feeding. Dosing of microbes and nutrient was done as per the program provided to client.

Dosing System of MiCroBial Technologies Product

Results
After dosing of MiCroBial Aqua for 10 days, it was observed that dead solid organic sludge was digested and got liquified. Solid
organic sludge was digested and converted to liquid. Blockages of pipes and internal system was completely removed opening
all the system for smooth operation of digester. After liquification stage, MiCroBial Aqua dosing was continued to for further
treatment. Optimum conditions were started to maintain to its optimum level like PH, VFA, Temperature, Alkalinity. with the
treatment of 2-3 months, we got results as per below,                                                                                                                                                Following parameters are maintained,
SRT – 8 – 10 days
HRT – 4 days
VFA – 2810 ppm
Alkalinity – 4620 ppm 

Reduction in COD mg/L 

Sr No	Date	Inlet COD mg/l	Outlet COD mg/l	Reduction %
1	08/05/20	7840	5120	65.3
2	11/05/20	10000	3760	62.4
3	13/05/20	10000	4720	52.8
4	14/05/20	11120	3600	67.6
5	15/05/20	10133	3680	63.6
6	16/05/20	12571	2720	78.3
7	18/05/20	14560	3312	77.2
8	19/05/20	16800	2224	86.7
9	20/05/20	18240	2624	85.6
10	22/05/20	13280	2784	79.03
11	23/05/20	16640	3008	80.95
12	24/05/20	20800	2320	88.8
13	25/05/20	15840	3104	80.4
14	26/05/20	13600	2208	83.7
15	28/05/20	13120	3136	76.09
16	29/05/20	15040	3056	79.6
17	30/05/20	13840	2544	81.6
18	01/06/20	18720	2640	86.4
19	02/06/20	20000	2720	84.05
20	03/06/20	16160	2576	84.5
	Average value	13607	2964	77.28

After few days of treatment, odor generation of odor from anaerobic digester was controlled tremendously. Sludge blanket &
biomass in anaerobic digester was developed with MiCroBial Aqua product providing optimum conditions.

Odor Control of Sludge Drying Bed
Excessive sludge of ETP was collected into sludge drying bed and it was dried and disposed further. Sludge drying bed was
producing odor nuisance that affects the working environment and health of workers. Management wanted to reduce the odor
from sludge drying bed

Application of MiCroBial Odor
250 gm of MiCroBial Odor was mixed with 100 L fresh water, stirred and mixed well to get it dissolved. Once it get dissolved,
activated solution was sprayed all over the sludge drying bed. Care was taken that microbes should get mixed properly with
the sludge present into bed.

Results
After couple days of application, officials was observed that there was good reduction in odor from the sludge drying bed.

Conclusion
The result of validation program demonstrated the effectiveness of MiCroBial Aqua in digestion & liquification of dead solid
organic matter was achieved by MiCroBial Technologies.
Secondly MiCroBial Aqua helped in development of sludge blanked and biomass in anaerobic digester. MiCroBial Odor was able to control the odor from sludge drying bed. Improvement in biomass, reduction in COD, TSS and water quality concludes that MiCroBial Aqua and MiCroBial Odor were very effective in wastewater treatment process.

Contact
Satish Bhandare – Microbiologist
MiCroBial Technologies
Tel – +91 8888885375
Email – satish@microbialtech.com

Kayempee Food Pvt Ltd Case Study
Background
Kayempee Foods Pvt Ltd is India’s top quality manufacturers of the finest chocolates. Our products are supplied to chocolate
makers and chocolate users across the Nation, from local bakeries to multi – national companies. The combination of Industrial Foods and Consumers foods creates a global powerhouse in wholesale supplier of chocolate products and chocolate confectionary in Andhra Pradesh and throughout the Nation. Currently, in India operates in three categories viz. Chocolate, Confectionery & Chocolate Products, In the Chocolate Confectionery business has maintained its undisputed leadership over the years. Some of the key products in India are Milk Chocolate, Bitter Chocolate, white Chocolate, Dark Chips, Milk Chips & White Chips, Plain Choco Paste, and Milk Choco Paste & Éclairs.Kayempee Foods Pvt Ltd.

Objectives
To treat the effluent coming from bakery and confectionary plant by using MiCroBial Technologies product.
Current system is treating about 80,000 liters of effluent @ your ETP. It’s having food stuff, oil, fats, grease, and other
organic and inorganic substances coming from sewage as well.

MiCroBial Technologies Solutions
The core MiCroBial Aqua is a natural biocatalyst made via a novel fermentative process that has been continually refined by
microbiologist in India. MiCroBial Aqua consists of a select consortium of bacteria, enzymes, nutrients and co-factors that
degrade organic matter as Carbohydrate, Proteins & Fat (FOG). These microbes produce different types of enzymes as amylase,
Protease, Lipase, Cellulase etc. MiCroBial Aqua works in aerobic and anaerobic conditions as it contents aerobic and facultative anaerobic microbes.

Dosing Program
Recommended Product                    MiCroBial Aqua
Capacity of AD                                    1,97,000 liters per day
Product quantity required               1 kg/day ( 4 ppm)
Fresh water required                         200 liters of fresh water
Application point                                Inlet Point of anaerobic digester
Mode of application                           Application thru dosing tank of 200 liter capacity tank

Wastewater Treatment Process                                                                                                                                                      Wastewater treated by three different technologies as give below,
• Primary Treatment Process – Treatment with chemicals like coagulant & Flocculants
• Secondary Treatment Process – Biological treatment with MiCroBial bioculture
• Tertiary Treatment Process – Filtration system

Primary Treatment Process –
• Currently PH of influent was about 3.5 – 4
• PH adjustment was carried out by adding of base or acid was done into equalization tank to get the optimum PH 7 – 7.5
• PH of all ETP units was adjusted to 7 -7.5 throughout the process.
• Addition of chemicals like coagulant and flocculants was done in flash mixture to develop coagulation and flocculation
process in the flash mixture to reduce the suspended solids from the effluent.

Biological Treatment Process – Unit Description 
• Collection tank & Grease separation tank
• Equalization tank
• Flash mixture
• Primary settling tank
• Feeder for anaerobic digester
• Anaerobic digester
• Aeration tank 1st and 2nd
• Secondary clarifier
• Filtration system
• Treated water tank

During process development, MiCroBial Technologies will develop the biomass and sludge bed in anaerobic digester. All the
criteria like Sludge bed development, Biomass development, SRT, HRT, anaerobic digestion of organic matter, VFA, total SS,
all the parameters will be monitor for anaerobic digestion. It includes four processes as below
• Hydrolysis
• Acidogenesis
• Acetogenesis
• Methanogenesis

Application Method – 
Added recommended dose of MiCroBial Aqua into 100 liters of fresh water and kept it for 12-24 hrs. After 24 hrs start dosing
of MiCroBial solution at inlet point of anaerobic digester. Maintained the flow rate of 4.1 liter/hr dosing solution so that it will
be used in 24 hrs.
Once maintained optimum conditions, microbial growth will start to appear and add effluent to the ETP with good PH with
proper flow so that ETP will not get shock when effluent enters.
If effluent was having deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, we recommended adding source of nitrogen and phosphorus
as these are micronutrients for the biomass development.
Daily flow rate of effluent was optimized as the digester design or 3.3 kl/hr. to avoid shock dosing.
It was essential to added, urea and Jaggary to the anaerobic digester, it will source of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrates

Aerobic Digestion
Aerobic process will be carried out in aeration tank in the presence of oxygen in the tank. Aerobic digestion is one of the
most important process in biological process.

Dosing Program
Recommended Product – MiCroBial Aqua
Capacity of aeration tank – 2,52,000 liters/day
Quantity of Product – 1 kg/day
Fresh water required – 100 liters of fresh water.
Application Point – Inlet Point of aeration tank
Mode of Application – Application thru dosing tank of 100 liter capacity tank

Application Method                                                                                                                                                                                     Added recommended dose of MiCroBial Aqua into 100 liters of fresh water and kept it for 12-24 hrs. After 24 hrs start dosing
of MiCroBial solution at inlet point of aerobic digester. Maintained the flow rate of 4.1 liter/hr dosing solution so that it will be
used in 24 hrs.
Once maintained optimum conditions, microbial growth will start to appear and add effluent to the ETP with good PH
with proper flow so that ETP will not get shock when effluent enters.
If effluent having deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, we are recommending adding source of nitrogen and phosphorus
as these are micronutrients for the biomass development.
Daily flow rate of effluent will be optimized as the digester design or 3.3 kl/hr. to avoid shock dosing.
If required, it was essential to add urea and Jaggary to the aerobic digester, it will source of nitrogen, phosphorus and
carbohydrates.

Benefits of MiCroBial Aqua
Reduce in sludge production
Reduce BOD, COD, TSS, Biological nutrients
Improve MLSS, Biomass in the system
Reduce odors
Reduce need for chemical additives
Reduce hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and nitrates
Enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal
100% natural and non-toxic

List of equipment’s are given below
Four 100 liter capacity tank with tote at the bottom
400 liters of fresh water
MiCroBial Aqua product

Notes: No special training is required to mix and dose MiCroBial product is non-hazardous and no special personal protection
equipment is required in regards to activation or dosing.

Results & Observation –
After providing optimum conditions for the application of MiCroBial Aqua, dosing of culture and nutrients started in
anaerobic digester on daily basis as per the biomass provided to the client. With the continues application for min 4 weeks
our team were observing different parameters and changes in anaerobic digester. After 4 weeks, sample of effluent removed
from bottom of anaerobic digester to see the sludge development and TSS in the bottom. A thick sludge was observed in a
bucket which was came out from the sludge bed or biomass developed in the bottom of anaerobic digester.
At the same time COD was tested at in house lab for reduction, after testing, it was observed that COD was reduced from
25,000 mg/L to 5000 mg/L. Odor of treated effluent was reduced coming from the anaerobic digester.
Same effluent treated from anaerobic digester was transferred to 1st aeration tank to 2nd aeration tank and 3rd aeration tank
respectively for aerobic digester. with provided optimum conditions in aerobic digestion, we observed good biomass or MLSS
development in aeration tank when we tested Sv30. Tested Sv30 was 300-400 ml/L.
ETP is now getting good performance with the help of MiCroBial Aqua and biomass development program provided to the
client. Initialy MiCroBial Technologies analysised every aspect of ETP like optimum conditions, done trouble shooting and
provided biomass development program mentioning PH, HRT, Flow rate, Dosing concentration, Feeding concentration, nutrient
addition, DO etc.
MiCroBial Technologies provided A to Z complete solution to the food ETP to get the plant stability along with the microbial
culture.

Conclusion
MiCroBial Technologies provided a well balanced microbial consortium for the treatment of food effluent with high COD
and BOD concentration in suspended and dissolved form. MiCroBial Aqua was able to develop sludge blanket and biomass
in the anaerobic digester to carry out all the steps of anaerobic digestion like hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and
methanogenesis. It was also observed that it has ability to control the odor from effluent.
MiCroBial Aqua is also able to develop biomass/MLSS in aeration tank (Image 1st). Aerobic process was developed with the
nitrification and denitrification process to reduce BOD. Briefly, MiCroBial Aqua is having ability to perform nitrification/
denitrification process in aerobic digestion and anaerobic digestion in food effluent treatment plant.

Contact –                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Satish Bhandare – Microbiologist
MiCroBial Technologie
Tel – +91 8888885375
Email – satish@microbialtech.com/support@microbialtech.com

Background –

Smruthi Organics is one the famous pharmaceutical company manufacturing active pharmaceutical ingradients located in Solpaur MIDC, Maharashtra.The company follows a proactive approach to Environmental compliance and boast of a zero discharge ETP in our main manufacturing facility. The company has a dedicated team to take actively manage Environmental, Health & Safety policies to assure excellence in addition to compliance.

Objectives –   

Objectives of validation program was listed given below,
1) Develop biological activity in aeration tank 1st and 2nd.
2) Reduce sludge quantity existing aeration tank 1st which was not working existingly.
3) Develop MLSS in aeration tank 1st & 2nd with nitrification and denitrification process.
4) Develop biomass in aeration tank and activate biological process

Before Biological Treatment –

As per the first meeting observation before starting biological treatment, earlier scenario was given below,
1) No biomass and biological activity present in aeration tank 1st & 2nd
2) Sludge was floating on the surface of aeration tank 1st & 2nd
3) About 40% of sludge was found in aeration tank along with bad odor and organic matter which was observed dead, no aeration and          no biological activity
4) As observed, there was no MLSS, Nitrification and Denitrification process in aeration tank and clarifier respectively

Implementation Protocol – 

• On first day effluent from collection tank of optimum PH was taken into aeration tank 1st to fill the aeration tank and started aeration tank continuously for get sufficient DO in aeration tank.
• PH & DO of aeration tank was monitored regularly and adjusted both parameters to its optimum PH of 7-7.5 & dissolved oxygen 1-2 mg/l, biological treatment started when optimum conditions received.
• Daily flow of effluent was adjusted to specific flow so that biological process wont have shock loading of organic matter.
• The activation tank was filled with 100 liters of fresh water and mixed with 800 gm of MiCroBial Aqua and kept it for 24 hrs.
• Aeration was provided in activation tank to provide oxygen. After activation, dosing started into inlet point of aeration tank 1st.
• Dosing Tank of 100 liter capacity used during activation of MiCroBial Aqua product. 800 gm of product was mixed with 90-100 liter of fresh water and kept it for 24 hrs activation.
• Two tank were used to activate the product. One tank was used for activation of product and second tank was used to dose activated solution directly into inlet point of aeration tank.
• Both, activation and dosing tank were washed regularly during application of MiCroBial Aqua product.
• Additional aeration was provided to tank to activate the microbes along with optimum temperature

Optimum Conditions –

We had provided optimum condition to the aeration tank that will help to bacteria to survive and work efficiently so that there will be good reduction percentage in organic matter and pollutants. Following were the optimum conditions that we provided.

DO – 2-3 mg/l in aeration tank 1 and 2.
PH – In between 7-7.6.
HRT – min 24 hrs 
COD: BOD ratio – 2:1.
MLSS – There was no MLSS in aeration tank.
Aeration was provided 24 hrs to provide O2 to the microbes for aerobic digestion.

Results –

After about 8 weeks of addition of MiCroBial Aqua product into aeration tank, implementation team observed significant improvement in biomass ( sludge volume) and water quality in aeration tank. Improvement in aeration tank after MiCroBial Technologies treatment were listed below,
1) We observed good sludge reduction in aeration tank
2) Thick layer of sludge floating on surface of aeration tank was reduced to very good extend and converted to thin layer of sludge that indicated sludge quantity was reduced by biological mechanism.
3) Initially color of effluent was dark red wine color which was changed to brownish green color & ultimately to brownish black.
4) There was good development of MLSS in aeration tank,MLSS testing was done in lab and it was found as per below

     a) MLSS in aeration tank – 3700 mg/l
     b) MLSS in aeration tank – 2200 mg/l

Optimum concentration of MLSS in aeration tank should be 3000-4000 mg/l. so we were maintaining it thru return activated sludge from clarifier 1st and 2nd. Good sludge settling was observed in clarifier, settling sludge was increased due good biomass development.

 

Conclusion –

The result of validation program demonstrate the effectiveness of MiCroBial Aqua in degradation of sludge in aeration tank. MiCroBial Aqua microbes were able to degrade the sludge and converting it to the biomass, liquifying the dead organic matter. MiCroBial Aqua helps the system to activate the aeration tank and generate biomass. Currently aeration tank is fully activated and having good biological activity helping in reducing different parameters and improving water quality.

Role of Fermenting Bacteria in Waste Water Treatment – The mixture of domestic sewage, industrial effluent and ground water which has infiltrated into the sewers is present in Wastewater which is 99.99% water, with a small amount of dissolved or suspended solid matter.

One of the applications of fermentation process is in the treatment of wastewater. In the process of sewage disposal, sewage is digested by enzymes secreted by bacteria. Solid organic matters are broken down into harmless, soluble substances and carbon dioxide. The digested solids, also known as sludge, accumulated in a wastewater treatment process must be treated and disposed of in a safe and effective manner. The purpose of digestion is to reduce the amount of organic matter and the number of disease-causing microorganisms present in the solids.

Biological treatment of waste can be carried out aerobically, process known as composting or anaerobically through anaerobic digestion. The degradable organic compounds e.g. carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. in the waste water are broken down by aerobic micro-organisms mainly bacteria and rarely fungi. The result is an effluent with drastically reduced organic matter content. The materials difficult to digest form a sludge is treated separately either by aerobic breakdown of raw waste-water or anaerobic breakdown of sludge.

Aerobic Digestion of Raw Waste Water – The most common method involve in aerobic breakdown of raw waste water is the activated sludge system. Activated sludge system involves the production of an activated mass of micro-organisms capable of stabilizing the organic content of a waste aerobically.

Waste water is introduced into an aerated tank of micro-organisms which are collectively referred to as activated sludge or mixed liquor. Aeration is achieved by the use of submerged diffused or surface mechanical  aeration  which  maintain the activated sludge in suspension.

A wide range of bacteria are involved, including Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus and Yeast.

Microorganisms have to cope with an uncontrollably diverse range of organic and inorganic compounds some of which may be toxic to the organisms. The microorganisms occur in discreet aggregates known as flocs. Some of the settled biomass is recycled as ‘returned activated sludge’ inoculate the incoming raw sewage because it contains a community of organisms adapted to the incoming sewage. The solid undigested sludge may be further treated into economically valuable products.

Mode of Action –  Nitrification & Denitrification Bacteria remove nitrogen from wastewater by a two step biological processes: nitrification followed by denitrification. Technically, it is a three step process: Ammonification precedes nitrification and denitrification.

Ammonification – While traveling through sewer pipes, the majority of the nitrogen contained in raw sewage (urea and fecal material) is converted from organic-nitrogen to ammonia through a process called hydrolysis. Technically, in the majority of situations, more ammonium than ammonia is created during ammonification. The actual ratio is influenced by pH and temperature.

Nitrification by Nitrifying Bacteria – Nitrification process performed by nitrifying bacteria such as Nitromonas in aerobic treatment

The biological conversion of ammonia to nitrate nitrogen is called Nitrification. Nitrification is a two-step process. Bacteria known as Nitrosomonas convert ammonia and ammonium to nitrite. Next, bacteria called Nitrobacter finish the conversion of nitrite to nitrate. The reactions are generally coupled and proceed rapidly to the nitrate form; therefore, nitrite levels at any given time are usually low. These bacteria known as “nitrifiers” are strict “aerobes,” meaning they must have free dissolved oxygen to perform their work. Nitrification occurs only under aerobic conditions at dissolved oxygen levels of 1.0 mg/L or more. At dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations less than 0.5 mg/L, the growth rate is minimal. Nitrification requires a long retention time, a low food to microorganism ratio (F:M), a high mean cell residence time (measured as MCRT or Sludge Age), and adequate buffering (alkalinity). The nitrification process produces acid. The optimum pH for Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter is between 7.5 and 8.5; most treatment plants are able to effectively nitrify with a pH of 6.5 to 7.0. Nitrification stops at a pH below 6.0. The nitrification reaction consumes 7.1 mg/L of alkalinity as CaCO3 for each mg/L of ammonia nitrogen oxidized. An alkalinity of no less than 50-100 mg/L is required to insure adequate buffering. Water temperature also affects the rate of nitrification. Nitrification reaches a maximum rate at temperatures between 30 and 35 degrees C. At temperatures of 40o C and higher, nitrification rates fall to near zero.

At temperatures below 20 degrees C, nitrification proceeds at a slower rate, but will continue at temperatures of 10 degrees C and less. However, if nitrification is lost, it will not resume until the temperature increases to well over 10 o C. Some of the most toxic compounds to nitrifiers include cyanide, thiourea, phenol and heavy metals such as silver, mercury, nickel, chromium, copper and zinc. Nitrifying bacteria can also be inhibited by nitrous acid and free ammonia.

NH₃ + O₂ → NO2 + 3H⁺ + 2e⁻

NH₃ + O₂ + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → NH₂OH + H₂O

NH₂OH + H₂O → NO2 + 5H⁺ + 4e⁻

Denitrification by Denitrifying Bacteria – The biological reduction of nitrate (NO3) to nitrogen gas (N2) by facultative heterotrophic bacteria is called Denitrification. “Heterotrophic” bacteria need a carbon source as food to live. “Facultative” bacteria can get their oxygen by taking dissolved oxygen out of the water or by taking it off of nitrate molecules.

Denitrification occurs when oxygen levels are depleted and nitrate becomes the primary oxygen source for microorganisms. The process is performed under anoxic conditions, when the dissolved oxygen concentration is less than 0.5 mg/L, ideally less than 0.2. When bacteria break apart nitrate (NO3 – ) to gain the oxygen (O2 ), the nitrate is reduced to nitrous oxide (N2 O), and, in turn, nitrogen gas (N2 ). Since nitrogen gas has low water solubility, it escapes into the atmosphere as gas bubbles. Free nitrogen is the major component of air, thus its release does not cause any environmental concern.

The formula describing the nitrification reaction follows:

NO2 + H₂O → NO3 + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻

Optimum pH values for denitrification are between 7.0 and 8.5.

Since denitrifying bacteria are facultative organisms, they can use either dissolved oxygen or nitrate as an oxygen source for metabolism and oxidation of organic matter. If dissolved oxygen and nitrate are present, bacteria will use the dissolved oxygen first. That is, the bacteria will not lower the nitrate concentration. Denitrification occurs only under anaerobic or anoxic conditions.

Another important aspect of denitrification is the requirement for carbon; that is, the presence of sufficient organic matter to drive the denitrification reaction. Organic matter may be in the form of raw wastewater, or supplemental carbon. Conditions that affect the efficiency of denitrification include nitrate concentration, anoxic conditions, presence of organic matter, pH, temperature, alkalinity and the effects of trace metals. Denitrifying organisms are generally less sensitive to toxic chemicals than nitrifiers, and recover from toxic shock loads quicker than nitrifiers.                                                                                                                                                                      Temperature affects the growth rate of denitrifying organisms, with greater growth rate at higher temperatures. Denitrification can occur between 5 and 30o C, and these rates increase with temperature and type of organic source present. The highest growth rate can be found when using methanol or acetic acid. A slightly lower rate using raw wastewater will occur, and the lowest growth rates are found when relying on endogenous carbon sources at low water temperatures. Wastewater cannot be denitrified unless it is first nitrified.

Use of Fermented Sludge in Nutrient Removal – Fermentation can be used to produce carbon source for both nitrogen and phosphorus removal. It is a tool to reduce operational costs associated with biological nutrient removal. Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater effluents is important to ensure environmental protection of surface waters. High concentrations of nutrients in rivers can cause eutrophication, oxygen depletion in the river waters and can stimulate algae growth. Thus it has been proposed as an efficient process to remove nutrients from wastewater.

Biological Nitrogen Removal – The processes for biological nitrogen removal can be incorporated into both activated sludge and percolating filter plants.  The overall mechanism follows the route of nitrification (oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate) and denitrification (reduction of nitrate sequentially to nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and nitrogen)^]

Biological denitrification processes generally recirculate nitrified effluent as a source of nitrate. This means that 100% removal can never be achieved. Only the nitrate contained in the recirculated stream will be removed.

Biological Phosphorus Removal –  Biological phosphorus removal is dependent mainly on the ability of the bacterium Acinerobacter spp. to release phosphate under anaerobic conditions and to absorb it under aerobic conditions.

The mechanism of Phosphorus removal by Acinetobacter spp. includes the following steps:

Under anaerobic conditions, readily biodegradable organic matter becomes fermented to short chain fatty acids. These are stored in the cell as poly- hydroxyl butyrates (PHB).

Under aerobic conditions the stored PHB is oxidized and energy is released allowing the assimilation of soluble ortho-phosphate. The ortho-phosphate is metabolized by the cell and excess quantities are stored in the cell as poly-phosphate.  The storage of excess phosphate is known as ‘luxury uptake’ of Phosphorus and it is this particular ability of the cell that is exploited in the nutrient removal process.

 Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge – The commonest method of treating sludge however is by anaerobic digestion. This can be done by allowing the sludge to decompose in digesters under controlled conditions for several weeks. Digesters themselves are closed tanks with provision for mild agitation, and the introduction of sludge and release of gases. About 50% of the organic matter is broken down to gas, mostly methane.

Anaerobic Microbial Digestion usually involves four steps:

• Extracellular Hydrolysis (e.g., Cellulose)
• Fermentation leading to organic acids (VFAs), acetate, CO2 and H₂
• Fermentation leading to acetic acid (CH3COOH) , H₂ and O
• Methanogenesis leading to CH₄, CO₂ and H₂

 

The fermentation process occurs in two main steps: hydrolysis and acidogenesis. During hydrolysis the long chain molecules are broken down into smaller dissolved molecules by extracellular enzymes that are then converted to VFAs during the acidogenesis step.

First, during hydrolysis, water-insoluble biopolymers such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are decomposed by extracellular enzymes to water-soluble monomers (e.g., monosaccharide’s, amino acids, glycerin, fatty acids) and thus made accessible to further degradation.

In the second step (acidification) the intermediates of hydrolysis are converted into acetic acid (CH3COOH), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), organic acids, amino acids, and alcohols by different groups of bacteria. Some of these intermediate products (acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide) can be directly used by methanogenic bacteria, but most of the organic acids and alcohol are decomposed into acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide during acidogenesis. Only these products, as well as methanol, methylamine, and formate, can be transformed into carbon dioxide and methane (CH4) by methanogenic bacteria during the third and last step, methane formation.

A great advantage of anaerobic fermentation is the production of biogas that can be used as a source of energy.  A major advantage of anaerobic digestion in comparison with aerobic composting is the ability of engineers to have total control over gaseous and liquid emissions, as well as having the potential to recover and use methane gas generated as the wastes degrade.

Waste water treatment using Probiotics:

Probiotics are live beneficial micro-organisms applied to a complex system or environment to improve efficiency, health and vitality in humans, animals, plants and the overall ecosystems including industrial activities. Probiotics help to implement cost-saving waste water treatment projects in various industries. Application areas for such projects include sewage treatment, industrial effluent treatment, treatment of contaminated water bodies, remediation of soils contaminated with toxic wastes, treatment of solid waste, treatment of organic waste, odour control, oil/grease removal, organic horticulture, organic agriculture, aquaculture and many more.                Probiotics are live beneficial micro-organisms applied to a complex system or environment to improve efficiency, health and vitality in humans, animals, plants and the overall ecosystems including industrial activities. They are microorganisms that increase the systematic growth of other organisms and also can be defined as “organisms and substances that contribute to intestinal microbial balance”.

They are “live microbial food supplement that benefits the host (human or animal) by improving the microbial balance of the body. Probiotics are “monocultures or mixed cultures of microorganisms applied to animals or humans that benefit the host by improving properties of indigenous microflora”. Gatesoupe in 1999, defined them as “microbial cells administered in a certain way, which reaches the gastrointestinal tract and remain alive with the aim of improving health”.These are microorganisms having an action against bacteria by changing intestinal microbacteria, secreting antibacterial substances fighting with pathogens to prevent their sticking to the intestine, fighting for nutrients needed for their life. Probiotic microorganisms modulate the immune system, regulate allergic sensitivity of the human body, and reduce spread of cancer.

Most of the bacteria have less life in the intestine, due to continuous consumption of food and water, along with microorganisms present in them. These include gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus, Enterococcus, and gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria like Pseudomonas, and fungi, yeasts, and algae of the genera Saccharomyces.

Process kinetics of probiotics in waste water treatment:

Mineralization is the process which converts sludge into ammonia compounds, which causes putrefactive odors. Sludge matter is fecal solids, plant and animal tissues, excess food, which pollute the water. Heterotrophic bacteria react and produce less harmful compounds. Huge quantities of organics result in polluted waters.

Both BOD and COD are components of water quality and are measurable in effluent water. Probiotics are used in wastewater treatment is to remove the total solids measured as organic loads.

According to EPA standards under the guidelines for presence of microorganisms, zero percentage is only allowed. It also states that only 5% of coliforms is allowed legally to present in water treatment units in samples taken periodically.

Physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical, and biological contaminants are the standard followed procedure of treatments. The disposed waste water or effluent after completion of treatment should not be harmful to any flora or faunas in the environment.

Usage of chemicals during treatment may be due the presence of harmful pathogenic microorganisms. Huge amounts of BOD and COD may lead to the requirement more effective chemicals and methods of treatment. This may also lead to loss of very important nutrients present in the waste water. Probiotics can be used to treat wastewaters to decrease both harmful organic matters and pathogens, thus reducing bad smell.

Probiotics uses microbes like Lacto Bacillus, Phototrophic based bacteria, Lactic acid bacteria, and yeast. Use of probiotics in wastewater, reduces the bad smell, reduces the amount of sludge and decreases the organics. Many wastewater treatment facility contain large amounts of pathogenic bacteria and requires probiotic treatment.

Probiotics in wastewater treatment:

Probiotics work depending on the waste excretion property. Each group of microbes in Probiotics are very efficient. The bacteria react with the organic matter and form simple organics like alcohols and amino acids. These new compounds result reduction in Organics and suspended and dissolved solids would further result in the process. Probiotics can be used in biological waste water treatment plants for removing the biosolids and bio sludges for safeguarding the environment from pollution due the reaction of these biological wastes with the ecosystems.

These probiotic microorganisms work in a simple manner thereby increasing the population of the good microbes which pave the way for effective conversion of the organics into simpler compounds. This is carried out by controlling certain process kinetics in the waste water treatment plants.The probiotics convert nitrogen compounds, using sunlight as energy source, CO2 as a carbon source. When levels of BOD, COD, organics and SS rise, Decrease in oxygen releases bad odors and this indicates higher demand of organics and oxygen depletion. When organics levels are more, the organic compounds cannot be broken easily. Probiotics help in the digestion of BOD, COD and other organics and convert them into amino acids.

Wastewater treatment uses of probiotics are as follows:

• Organics and total solids are reduced in the waste water.
• Reduction in the number of pathogenic microorganisms in the waste water after treatment.
• After treatment bad smell is found to be reduced.
• Energy efficiency is achieved.
• Quantity of sludge produced is reduced.
• Cost of maintenance is reduced due to reduction in corrosion.
• Overall efficiency of the treatment process is achieved.

 

Advantage of a results of use of probiotics are as follows

• Sludge load decreases and hence the transportation of sludge became easier.
• There will be improvement in the sanitary working conditions, bad odor will be reduced.
• Percentage of harmful disease causing bacteria can be eliminated.
• The drainage clogging was reduced.
• Reduction in sludge production
• Reduce BOD, COD, TSS, Biological nutrients
• Improve MLSS, Biomass in the system
• Reduce odors
• Reduce aeration; Energy savings
• Reduce need for chemical additives
• Improves plant stability
• Reduce hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and nitrates
• Enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal

How disinfectant disturbing your septic tank & what’s best option? Municipal toilets or Public toilets used on regularly on daily basis by peoples. This sewage in septic tanks kept untreated due to lack of treatment facility. These septic tanks filled quickly due regular use. Sewage from these septic tanks emptied and disposed off in water resource causing environment pollution and water bodies. This disposal of untreated sewage will have impact on human health, aquatic ecosystem, aquatic life, spreading disease causing pathogens through water contamination.

Drain field interconnected with septic tank will have problem of blockage due to huge deposition of sludge. All septic tanks will have problems sooner or later. These problems often occur after periods of wet weather, with the septic tank overflowing, septic tank effluent appearing at ground level, seeping into ditches or backing-up the pipes. These are common septic tank problems.   

Signs of failed Septic Tank –

• Septic tank effluent surfacing on your land  
• Strong or bad odors coming from the septic tank or drains
• Pollution of nearby ditches or streams with effluent
• Slow flushing of toilets
• Gurgling in the drains
• Ground movement (dips) near the septic tank or drain field

Septic systems are more than just a maze of pipes and drains, they are actual living environments. The microbial system within, which includes bacteria, yeasts, and enzymes, plays an active role in maintaining your septic systems. Their purpose in your septic system is to digest any solids that have settled at the bottom of your septic tank and get the decomposition process started 

A typical septic system consists of a septic tank and a drain field, or soil absorption field. Your system is basically an underground wastewater treatment structure that uses a combination of nature and technology to treat wastewater from household plumbing produced by kitchen drains, bathrooms and even laundry.

There are two main types of bacteria that are present in your system

Aerobic Bacteria: This type of bacteria needs oxygen to live. In septic systems, aerobic bacteria will break down the organic waste and then feed off of it. In most cases, aerobic bacteria are very sensitive to environmental changes and are much larger than the anaerobic bacteria found in septic systems.

Anaerobic Bacteria: This type of bacteria needs little to no oxygen to live. Although they are smaller than aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria are better able to withstand changes within their environment. When organic matter enters your septic tank, this bacteria eats, digests, and excretes the matter.

How microbes come into play? Since solid materials need to remain within the septic tank to prevent clogging the drainage field and causing serious backup, they must be removed with the use of septic pumping trucks. What may be surprising is how infrequently pumping is needed?

This infrequency is all thanks to the vast colonies of microorganisms living within the tank. These work non-stop to break down waste materials, converting much of the solids into liquids that join the stream of effluent and gases that simply dissipate through the soil or leach field. A healthy bacterial environment is vital to maintaining septic system health. Without it, you would be faced with frequent maintenance and nasty, inconvenient issues.

Contact us today: Within your septic system, maintaining the balance between anaerobic and aerobic bacteria is extremely important. We know that you do not have time to deal with septic problems. One of the ways you can maintain this balance and keep your septic system working like it should is to have your tank pumped regularly. Please contact us @ support@microbialtech.com. We have professionals ready to answer your questions and get your system working properly again.

There is growing interest in the use of beneficial bacteria, probiotics, as an alternative strategy to antimicrobial compounds for disease prevention and control in aquaculture. These naturally occurring bacteria exert their beneficial effects on the host by modifying the microbial community associated with the host, by ensuring improved use of the feed or enhancing its nutritional value, or by enhancing the host response towards disease. At the animal level, probiotics improve the growth and survival of fish and shrimp by modifying the host-associated or ambient microbial community.

Due to urbanization and high density population, there is serious increment in pollution of aquaculture ponds, lakes & lagoons, its affecting survival & mortality rate of aquatic life and water quality which ultimately affecting aquaculture industry and human health and environment as well.

What are Probiotics in Aquaculture? Probiotics are live beneficial micro-organisms applied to a complex system or environment to improve efficiency, health and vitality in humans, animals, plants and the overall ecosystems including industrial activities. They are “live microbial food supplement that benefits the host (human or animal) by improving the microbial balance of the body. Probiotics are “monocultures or mixed cultures of microorganisms applied to animals or humans that benefit the host by improving properties of indigenous micro flora”.

These are microorganisms having an action against bacteria by changing intestinal micro bacteria, secreting antibacterial substances fighting with pathogens to prevent their sticking to the intestine, fighting for nutrients needed for their life. Probiotic microorganisms modulate the immune system, regulate allergic sensitivity of the human body, and reduce spread of cancer.   Most of the bacteria have less life in the intestine, due to continuous consumption of food and water, along with microorganisms present in them. These include gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus, Enterococcus, and gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria like Pseudomonas, and fungi, yeasts, and algae of the genera Saccharomyces.   

How Probiotics does work? The effect of probiotics is linked to the gastrointestinal tract and effects on incidence of diarrhea and other gut infections were expected. In general, the mode of action of probiotic feed additives is mainly based on competitive exclusion, bacterial antagonism, and immune modulation.

Competitive Exclusion: Competitive exclusion is defined by the ability of normal micro flora to protect against the harmful establishment of pathogens. The concept of competitive exclusion indicates that cultures of selected, beneficial microorganisms, supplemented to the feed, compete with potentially harmful bacteria in terms of adhesion sites and organic substrates (mainly carbon and energy sources). The adhesion to the digestive tract wall could be for different purposes, to prevent colonization by pathogenic microorganisms or to compete for nutrients.

Adhesion to the digestive track wall to prevent colonization by pathogens – Detrimental bacteria need to become attached to the gut wall to exert their harmful effect. Нerefore, an expected effect of the addition of probiotics to the gastrointestinal tract is an increase in normal micro flora colonization with inhibition of the adhesion of harmful pathogens on the intestinal epithelium, thereby blocking receptor sites and preventing the attachment of other bacteria including harmful species. By doing so, the probiotic bacteria exclude pathogens and thus prevent them from causing infection. The mechanism of colonization is suggested to be associated with certain species within the micro flora which can influence the expression of glycol conjugates on epithelial cells that may serve as receptors for the adhesion of bacteria.

The growth of E. coli was successfully inhibited by different strains of Lactobacilli. Moreover, it has been reported that, a combination of different lactic acid bacteria significant reduced the levels of Salmonella in fecal contents of broilers which had been orally inoculated with the pathogen. In addition, in piglets, attachment of E. coli to the small intestinal epithelium has been reported to be inhibited by dietary supplementation with Enterococcus faecium.

Competing with pathogens from nutrients in the gut: Probiotics may compete for nutrients and absorption sites with pathogenic bacteria. In addition, competition for energy and nutrients between probiotic and other bacteria may result in a suppression of pathogenic species. The gut is such a rich source of nutrients that it may seem unlikely that microorganisms could not find sufficient food for growth. Probiotics possess a high fermentative activity and stimulate digestion. Lactobacilli are known to produce lactic acid and proteolytic enzymes which can enhance nutrient digestion in the gastrointestinal tract.

Bacterial Antagonism: Probiotic microorganisms, once established in the gut, may produce substances with bactericidal or bacteriostatic properties. Bactericidal activity: Lactobacilli ferment lactose to lactic acid, thereby reducing the pH to a level that harmful bacteria cannot tolerate. Hydrogen peroxide is also produced, which inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. These substances have a detrimental impact on harmful bacteria, which is primarily due to a lowering of the gut pH.

Neutralization of Enter toxin Produced by Pathogens that can cause Fluid Loss: Probiotic bacteria produce a variety of substances that include organic acids, antioxidants and bacteriocins. These compounds may reduce not only the number of viable pathogenic organisms but may also affect bacterial metabolism and toxin production. Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have been reported to be able to permeate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and subsequently induce the inactivation of gram-negative bacteria in conjunction with other enhancing anti-microbial environmental factors such as low temperatures, organic acids and detergents.

Immune Modulation: Probiotics act as a stimulus for the immune system. Microbial communities can support the animal’s defense against invading pathogens by stimulating gastrointestinal immune response. This may aid the development of the immune system by stimulation of the production of antibodies and increased phagocytic activity. Some probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus have proven to be capable of stimulating the immune system. The immune system to be stimulated in two ways, They can either migrate through the gut wall as viable cells or multiply to a limited extent or antigens released by the dead organisms can be absorbed and stimulate the immune system directly. It is the product of this change which induces the immune response.

MiCroBial Technologies provide an alternative solution for the use of chemicals and antibiotics in aquaculture applications.

MiCroBial Aquaculture is a natural bio-catalyst made via a novel fermentative process. MiCroBial Animal Probiotics consists of selected consortium of probiotics and enzymes. These microbes produce different types of enzymes as amylase, protease, lipase, Cellulase and other types of enzymes etc. MiCroBial Animal Probiotics works in aerobic and facultative anaerobic conditions as it contents aerobic and anaerobic microbes.

Our MiCroBial Technologies products for Aquaculture are

MiCroBial Aquaculture – This product can be used to prevent accumulation of ammonia, nitrate, nitrite & hydrogen sulphide along with improvement in water quality of aqua system.

MiCroBial Feed Supplement – This product can be used as feed supplement to improve digestion of food and helps in increasing body weight of animals.

MiCroBial Aqua Supplement – MiCroBial Aqua Supplement is a combination of different minerals in certain compositions which are highly useful in aquaculture. It provides all the necessary strength that is required for the pond

MiCroBial Gut – MiCroBial Gut probiotics used a an prophylaxis treatment to prevent different infections in aquatic animals by preventing the growth of pathogens.

Background –
Sunshine Dyeing Pvt Ltd is one of the textile industry located in Ludhiana, Punjab. Sunshine Dyeing textile is known for its different job profile like fabric dyeing, job work services of dyeing, bleaching of all types of fabrics and ready made garments.Sunshine Dyeing Industry is having ETP and generate about 1,50,000 liters of wastewater coming from different department of textile production units. This waste water treated at ETP having SBR technology.

Objective –
Objectives of validation program was to demonstrate the effectiveness of MiCroBial Aqua by developing biomass and sustain that biomass to improve wastewater quality and to provide plant stability along with odor control from ETP.

Unit Description –
This ETP based on sequential batch reactor having capacity of 1,50,000 liters of effluent. It has a single SBR tank where all the effluent is with sequential batch reactor with collection tank.

Implementation Protocol –

Trial was carried out for near about 2 months, 10 % of total effluent was taken into SBR tank with optimum PH and aerated for 24 hrs. After every two days 10 % of effluent (15,000 liters) was added into SBR tank along with the DAP, Urea, Jaggary and cow dung. 1.5 kg DAP, 1.5 kg of jaggary, 0.5 kg of urea was mixed into 500 liters of fresh water and got it dissolved. Along with that 150 kg of cow dung was mixed into 100 liters of fresh water, cleaned all other debris from cow dung and added directly into SBR tank. Same concentration of these supplement will be added into SBR tank after every two day along with 300 Gms of MiCroBial Aqua product into SBR tank.
Initially 450 gms of MiCroBial Aqua and after one week 300 gms of MiCroBial Aqua was mixed into 100 liters of fresh water. Keep that solution for 24 hrs. After activattion dosed into SBR tank.During application of MiCroBial Aqua all the optimum conditions are provided like optimum PH, temperature, F/M ratio,Dissolved oxygen and others.

Result –

After few weeks of addition of MiCroBial Aqua product along with other supplement into SBR tank, implementation team observed significant improvement in biomass ( sludge volume) and water quality. Based on initial monitoring of sludge volume of aeration tank which was below 100 mg/l, it was improved to more upto 300 mg/l, it was concluded that MiCroBial Aqua helped to improve the biomass in aeration tank reducing different parameters and improving water quality and provide plant stability along with improved water quality.

Conclusion – 
The result of validation program demonstrate the effectiveness of MiCroBial Aqua in improving the water quality and biomass by increasing sludge volume of the aeration tank along with odor control from ETP. Improvement of biomass and water quality concludes that MiCroBial Aqua is very effective in generating biomass in wastewater treatment process.